About Unicode and SQL National Character Data Types

Unicode is a character encoding system that defines every character in most of the spoken languages in the world. In Unicode, every character has a unique code, regardless of the platform, program, or language.

You can store Unicode characters in an Oracle Database in two ways:

• You can create a Unicode database that enables you to store UTF-8 encoded characters as SQL character datatypes (CHAR, VARCHAR2, CLOB, and LONG).

• You can declare columns and variables that have SQL national character datatypes.

The SQL national character data types are NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, and NCLOB. They are also called Unicode data types, because they are used only for storing Unicode data.

The national character set, which is used for all SQL national character data types, is specified when the database is created. The national character set can be either UTF8 or AL16UTF16 (default).

When you declare a column or variable of the type NCHAR or NVARCHAR2, the length that you specify is the number of characters, not the number of bytes.