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To ensure that a materialized view is consistent with its master, you need to refresh the materialized view periodically. Again, a master can be either a master table or a master materialized view. Oracle provides the following three methods to refresh materialized views:
Fast refresh uses materialized view logs to update only the rows that have changed since the last refresh.
Complete refresh updates the entire materialized view.
Force refresh performs a fast refresh when possible. When a fast refresh is not possible, force refresh performs a complete refresh.