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2 (11.2) for Microsoft Windows</b><br /> Part Number E10845-01</td> <td valign="bottom" align="right"> <table class="icons oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="245"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="../../index.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/doclib.gif" alt="Go to Documentation Home" /><br /> <span class="icon">Home</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="../../nav/portal_booklist.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/booklist.gif" alt="Go to Book List" /><br /> <span class="icon">Book List</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="toc.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/toc.gif" alt="Go to Table of Contents" /><br /> <span class="icon">Contents</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/index.gif" alt="Go to Index" /><br /> <span class="icon">Index</span></a></td> <td 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<a name="BEGIN" id="BEGIN"></a></div> <div class="IND"><!-- End Header --><a id="g1021616" name="g1021616"></a><a id="NTQRF070" name="NTQRF070"></a><a id="i1010067" name="i1010067"></a> <h1 class="chapter"><span class="secnum">5</span> Administering a Database on Windows</h1> <p>This chapter describes how to administer Oracle Database for Windows.</p> <p>This chapter contains these topics:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#i1005666">Managing Oracle Database Services</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#CDCEJADC">Starting and Shutting Down a Database with SQL*Plus</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006074">Starting and Shutting Down a Database Using Services</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#CDCBIDDE">Starting Multiple Instances</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006252">Creating and Populating Password Files</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006416">Connecting Remotely to the Database as SYS</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006426">Automatically Encrypted Database Passwords</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006461">Accessing Database Files on Remote Computers</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006494">Archiving Redo Log Files</a></p> </li> </ul> <a id="i1005666" name="i1005666"></a><a id="NTQRF199" name="NTQRF199"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1">Managing Oracle Database Services</h2> <p>This section tells you how to manage the services that Oracle Database installs on your computer.</p> <p>This section provides information on the following:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#i1005690">Oracle Database Service Naming Conventions for Multiple Oracle Homes</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1005847">Starting Oracle Database Services</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1005895">Stopping Oracle Database Services</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1005939">Auto-starting Oracle Database Services</a></p> </li> </ul> <a id="i1005690" name="i1005690"></a><a id="NTQRF201" name="NTQRF201"></a> <div class="sect2"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h3 class="sect2">Oracle Database Service Naming Conventions for Multiple Oracle Homes<a id="sthref196" name="sthref196"></a><a id="sthref197" name="sthref197"></a><a id="sthref198" name="sthref198"></a><a id="sthref199" name="sthref199"></a></h3> <p>Oracle Database for Windows lets you have <a href="glossary.htm#i432341"><span class="xrefglossterm">multiple Oracle homes</span></a> on a single computer. This feature, described in Appendix B, "Optimal Flexible Architecture", in <a class="olink NTDBI" href="../../install.112/e10843/toc.htm"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows</span></a>, affects <a href="glossary.htm#i432421"><span class="xrefglossterm">Oracle services</span></a> naming conventions. As you perform installations into Oracle home directories:</p> <ul> <li> <p>You must accept default Oracle home name provided or specify a different name for each Oracle home directory.</p> </li> <li> <p>You are prompted to give a <a href="glossary.htm#i432543"><span class="xrefglossterm">system identifier</span></a> and global database name for each database installation.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1005847" name="i1005847"></a><a id="NTQRF202" name="NTQRF202"></a> <div class="sect2"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h3 class="sect2"><a id="sthref200" name="sthref200"></a><a id="sthref201" name="sthref201"></a><a id="sthref202" name="sthref202"></a>Starting Oracle Database Services</h3> <p>Oracle Database services must be started for you to use Oracle Database and its products. You can start Oracle Database services from three different locations:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#i1009885">Control Panel</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1008092">Command Prompt</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1008096">Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows</a></p> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1">Note:</p> You can start Oracle Database when you start <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code>. See <a href="#i1006074">"Starting and Shutting Down a Database Using Services"</a> for information on <a href="glossary.htm#i432474"><span class="xrefglossterm">registry</span></a> parameters that enable you to do this.</div> </li> </ul> <a id="i1009885" name="i1009885"></a><a id="NTQRF203" name="NTQRF203"></a> <p class="subhead1">Control Panel</p> <p>To start Oracle Database services from the Control Panel:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Access your Windows Services dialog.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> Your operating system documentation for instructions</div> </li> <li> <p>Find the service to start in the list, select it, and click <span class="bold">Start</span>.</p> <p>If you cannot find <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> in the list, then use ORADIM to create it.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">Close</span> to exit the Services dialog.</p> </li> </ol> <a id="i1008092" name="i1008092"></a><a id="NTQRF204" name="NTQRF204"></a> <p class="subhead1">Command Prompt</p> <p>To start Oracle Database services from the command prompt, enter:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\> NET START <span class="italic">service</span> </pre> <p>where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">service</span></code> is a specific service name, such as <code>OracleServiceORCL.</code></p> <a id="i1008096" name="i1008096"></a><a id="NTQRF205" name="NTQRF205"></a> <p class="subhead1">Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows</p> <p>To start Oracle Database services from Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows:</p> <ol> <li> <p>From the <span class="bold">Start</span> menu, select <span class="bold">Programs</span>, then select <span class="bold">Oracle -</span> <span class="bolditalic">HOME_NAME</span>, then select <span class="bold">Configuration and Migration Tools</span> and then select <span class="bold">Administration Assistant for Windows</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Right-click the <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code>.</p> <p>where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is a specific instance name, such as <code>orcl</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">Start Service</span>.</p> <p>This starts service <code>OracleServiceORCL</code>.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1005895" name="i1005895"></a><a id="NTQRF206" name="NTQRF206"></a> <div class="sect2"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h3 class="sect2"><a id="sthref203" name="sthref203"></a><a id="sthref204" name="sthref204"></a><a id="sthref205" name="sthref205"></a>Stopping Oracle Database Services</h3> <p>On occasion (for example, when re-installing Oracle Database), you must stop Oracle Database services. You can stop Oracle Database services from three different locations:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#i1008118">Control Panel</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1008122">Command Prompt</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1008126">Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows</a></p> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1">Note:</p> You can stop Oracle Database in normal, immediate, or abort mode when you stop <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code>. See <a href="#i1006074">"Starting and Shutting Down a Database Using Services"</a> for information on registry parameters that enable you to do this.</div> </li> </ul> <a id="i1008118" name="i1008118"></a><a id="NTQRF207" name="NTQRF207"></a> <p class="subhead1">Control Panel</p> <p>To stop Oracle Database services from the Control Panel:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Access your Windows Services dialog.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> Your operating system documentation for instructions</div> </li> <li> <p>Select <code><span class="codeinlinebold">Oracle</span></code><code><span class="codeinlineboldital">HOME_NAME</span></code><code><span class="codeinlinebold">TNSListener</span></code> and click <span class="bold">Stop</span>.</p> <p><code>Oracle</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">HOME_NAME</span></code><code>TNSListener</code> is stopped.</p> </li> <li> <p>Select <code><span class="codeinlinebold">OracleService</span></code><code><span class="codeinlineboldital">SID</span></code> and click <span class="bold">Stop</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">OK</span>.</p> <p><code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is stopped.</p> </li> </ol> <a id="i1008122" name="i1008122"></a><a id="NTQRF208" name="NTQRF208"></a> <p class="subhead1">Command Prompt</p> <p>To stop Oracle Database services from the command prompt, enter:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\> net STOP <span class="italic">service</span> </pre> <p>where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">service</span></code> is a specific service name, such as <code>OracleServiceORCL</code>.</p> <a id="i1008126" name="i1008126"></a><a id="NTQRF209" name="NTQRF209"></a> <p class="subhead1">Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows</p> <p>To stop Oracle Database services from Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows:</p> <ol> <li> <p>From the <span class="bold">Start</span> menu, select <span class="bold">Programs</span>, then select <span class="bold">Oracle -</span> <span class="bolditalic">HOME_NAME</span>, then select <span class="bold">Configuration and Migration Tools</span> and then select <span class="bold">Administration Assistant for Windows</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Right-click the <code><span class="codeinlineboldital">SID</span></code>.</p> <p>where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is a specific instance name, such as <code>orcl</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">Stop Service</span>.</p> <p>This stops service OracleServiceORCL.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1005939" name="i1005939"></a><a id="NTQRF211" name="NTQRF211"></a> <div class="sect2"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h3 class="sect2"><a id="sthref206" name="sthref206"></a><a id="sthref207" name="sthref207"></a><a id="sthref208" name="sthref208"></a><a id="sthref209" name="sthref209"></a>Auto-starting Oracle Database Services</h3> <p>Oracle Database services can be set to start automatically whenever the Windows computer is restarted. You can turn auto-start on or off from two different locations:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#i1008177">Control Panel</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1008182">Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows</a></p> </li> </ul> <a id="i1008177" name="i1008177"></a><a id="NTQRF212" name="NTQRF212"></a> <p class="subhead1">Control Panel</p> <p>To use the Control Panel to configure when and how Oracle Database is started:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Access your Windows Services dialog.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> Your operating system documentation for instructions</div> </li> <li> <p>Select service <span class="bold">OracleServiceSID</span> and click <span class="bold">Startup</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Choose <span class="bold">Automatic</span> from the <span class="bold">Startup Type</span> field.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">OK</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">Close</span> to exit the Services dialog.</p> </li> </ol> <a id="i1008182" name="i1008182"></a><a id="NTQRF213" name="NTQRF213"></a> <p class="subhead1">Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows</p> <p>To automatically start Oracle Database services from Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows:</p> <ol> <li> <p>From the <span class="bold">Start</span> menu, select <span class="bold">Programs</span>, then select <span class="bold">Oracle -</span> <span class="bolditalic">HOME_NAME</span>, then select <span class="bold">Configuration and Migration Tools</span> and then select <span class="bold">Administration Assistant for Windows</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Right-click the <code><span class="codeinlineboldital">SID</span></code>.</p> <p>where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is a specific instance name, such as <code>orcl</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Choose <span class="bold">Startup/Shutdown Options</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Choose the <span class="bold">Oracle Service</span> tab.</p> </li> <li> <p>Choose <span class="bold">Automatic</span> in <span class="bold">Oracle Service Startup Type</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">Apply</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">OK</span>.</p> </li> </ol> <img width="344" height="337" src="img/ss_cnfg1.gif" alt="Description of ss_cnfg1.gif follows" title="Description of ss_cnfg1.gif follows" longdesc="img_text/ss_cnfg1.htm" /><br /> <a id="sthref210" name="sthref210" href="img_text/ss_cnfg1.htm">Description of the illustration ss_cnfg1.gif</a><br /> <br /></div> <!-- class="sect2" --></div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="CDCEJADC" name="CDCEJADC"></a><a id="NTQRF214" name="NTQRF214"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1"><a id="sthref211" name="sthref211"></a><a id="sthref212" name="sthref212"></a><a id="sthref213" name="sthref213"></a><a id="sthref214" name="sthref214"></a><a id="sthref215" name="sthref215"></a><a id="sthref216" name="sthref216"></a><a id="sthref217" name="sthref217"></a><a id="sthref218" name="sthref218"></a>Starting <a id="sthref219" name="sthref219"></a><a id="sthref220" name="sthref220"></a><a id="sthref221" name="sthref221"></a><a id="sthref222" name="sthref222"></a><a id="sthref223" name="sthref223"></a><a id="sthref224" name="sthref224"></a>and Shutting Down a Database with SQL*Plus</h2> <p>These instructions assume that a database instance has been created.</p> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1">Note:</p> Directory path examples in this chapter follow <a href="glossary.htm#i432386"><span class="xrefglossterm">Optimal Flexible Architecture</span></a> (OFA) guidelines. If you specified non-OFA compliant directories during installation, then your directory paths will differ. See Appendix B, "Optimal Flexible Architecture", in <a class="olink NTDBI" href="../../install.112/e10843/toc.htm"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows</span></a> for more information.</div> <p>To start or shut down Oracle Database:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Go to your Oracle Database server.</p> </li> <li> <p>Start SQL*Plus at the command prompt:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\> sqlplus /NOLOG </pre></li> <li> <p>Connect to Oracle Database with <a href="glossary.htm#i432581"><span class="xrefglossterm">username</span></a> <a href="glossary.htm#i432528"><span class="xrefglossterm">SYSDBA</span></a>:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA </pre></li> <li> <p>To start a database, enter:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> STARTUP [PFILE=<span class="italic">path</span>\<span class="italic">filename</span>] </pre> <p>This command uses the <a href="glossary.htm#i432288"><span class="xrefglossterm">initialization parameter file</span></a> specified in <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">path</span></code><code>\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">filename</span></code>. To start a database using a file named <code>init2.ora</code> located in</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\admin\orcl\pfile </pre> <p>you would enter:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> STARTUP PFILE=C:\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\admin\orcl\pfile\init2.ora </pre> <p>If no <code>PFILE</code> is specified, then the command looks for an <code>SPFILE</code> in <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code><code>\database</code>. If the command finds one, then the command uses it to start the database. If it does not find an <code>SPFILE</code>, then it uses the default initialization parameter file located in <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code><code>\ADMIN\db_name\pfile</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>To stop a database, enter:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> SHUTDOWN [mode] </pre> <p>where mode is <code>normal</code>, <code>immediate</code>, or <code>abort</code>.</p> <p>In a <code>normal</code> shutdown, Oracle Database waits for all currently-connected users to disconnect and disallows any new connections before shutting down. This is the default mode.</p> <p>In an <code>immediate</code> shutdown, Oracle Database terminates and rolls back active transactions, disconnects clients, and shuts down.</p> <p>In an <code>abort</code> shutdown, Oracle Database terminates active transactions and disconnects users; it does not roll back transactions. The database performs automatic <a href="glossary.htm#i432925"><span class="xrefglossterm">recovery</span></a> and rollback the next time it is started. Use this mode only in emergencies.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> <a href="tools.htm#g1019547">Chapter 2, "Database Tools on Windows"</a> for a list of other tools that can start Oracle Database and this guide for information on options you can specify when starting your database.</div> </li> </ol> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006074" name="i1006074"></a><a id="NTQRF215" name="NTQRF215"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1"><a id="sthref225" name="sthref225"></a><a id="sthref226" name="sthref226"></a><a id="sthref227" name="sthref227"></a><a id="sthref228" name="sthref228"></a><a id="sthref229" name="sthref229"></a>Starting and Shutting Down a Database Using Services</h2> <p>You can start or shut down Oracle Database by starting or stopping service <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> in the Control Panel. Starting <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is equivalent to using the <code>STARTUP</code> command or manually entering:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\> oradim -STARTUP -SID <span class="italic">SID</span> [-STARTTYPE srvc | inst | srvc,inst] [-PFILE filename | -SPFILE] </pre> <p>Stopping <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is equivalent to using the <code>SHUTDOWN</code> command or manually entering:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\> oradim -SHUTDOWN -SID <span class="italic">SID</span> [-SHUTTYPE srvc | inst | srvc,inst] [-SHUTMODE normal | immediate | abort] </pre> <p>You can enable starting and stopping Oracle Database through <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> two different ways:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#i1008776">Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#CDCHAAHB">Setting Registry Parameters</a></p> </li> </ul> <a id="i1008776" name="i1008776"></a><a id="NTQRF216" name="NTQRF216"></a> <p class="subhead1">Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows</p> <p>To start or stop a database using Oracle Database services from Oracle Administration Assistant for Windows:</p> <ol> <li> <p>From the <span class="bold">Start</span> menu, select <span class="bold">Programs</span>, then select <span class="bold">Oracle -</span> <span class="bolditalic">HOME_NAME</span>, then select <span class="bold">Configuration and Migration Tools</span> and then select <span class="bold">Administration Assistant for Windows</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Right-click the <code><span class="codeinlineboldital">SID</span></code>.</p> <p>where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is a specific instance name, such as <code>ORCL</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Choose <span class="bold">Startup/Shutdown Options</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Choose the <span class="bold">Oracle Instance</span> tab.</p> </li> <li> <p>Select <span class="bold">Start up instance when service is started</span>, <span class="bold">Shut down instance when service is stopped</span>, or both.</p> </li> </ol> <img width="344" height="338" src="img/ss_cnfg2.gif" alt="Description of ss_cnfg2.gif follows" title="Description of ss_cnfg2.gif follows" longdesc="img_text/ss_cnfg2.htm" /><br /> <a id="sthref230" name="sthref230" href="img_text/ss_cnfg2.htm">Description of the illustration ss_cnfg2.gif</a><br /> <br /> <a id="CDCHAAHB" name="CDCHAAHB"></a><a id="NTQRF217" name="NTQRF217"></a> <p class="subhead1">Setting Registry Parameters</p> <p>To start or stop Oracle Database through Oracle Database Services, set the following registry parameters to the indicated values:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>ORA_</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code><code>_AUTOSTART</code></p> <p>When set to <code>true</code>, the default value, this parameter causes Oracle Database to start when <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is started.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>ORA_</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code><code>_PFILE</code></p> <p>This parameter sets the full path to the initialization parameter file. If this entry is not present, then oradim will try to start the database with an <code>SPFILE</code> or <code>PFILE</code> from <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code><code>\database</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>ORA_SHUTDOWN</code></p> <p>When set to <code>true</code>, this parameter enables the selected instance of Oracle Database to be shut down when <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is stopped. This includes any database in the current Oracle home. Default value is <code>false</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>ORA_</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code><code>_SHUTDOWN</code></p> <p>When set to <code>true</code>, the default value, this parameter causes the instance of Oracle Database identified by the <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> value to shut down when <code>OracleService</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is stopped manually—using either the Control Panel or Net stop command.</p> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1">Caution:</p> If <code>ORA_SHUTDOWN</code> or <code>ORA_SID_SHUTDOWN</code> is set to <code>false</code>, then manually shutting down OracleService<span class="italic">SID</span> will still shut down Oracle Database. But it will be an abnormal shutdown, and Oracle does not recommend it.</div> </li> </ul> <p>The following two registry parameters are optional:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>ORA_</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code><code>_SHUTDOWNTYPE</code></p> <p>This parameter controls database shutdown mode. Set it to <code>a</code> (<code>abort</code>), <code>i</code> (<code>immediate</code>), or <code>n</code> (<code>normal</code>). Default mode is <code>i</code> (<code>immediate</code>) if you do not set this parameter.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>ORA_</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code><code>_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT</code></p> <p>This parameter sets maximum time to wait before the service for a particular <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> stops.</p> </li> </ul> <p>The registry location of these required and optional parameters is determined by the number of Oracle home directories on your computer. If you have only one Oracle home directory, then these parameters belong in:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOME0 </pre> <p>If you have multiple Oracle home directories, then these parameters belong in:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOME<span class="italic">ID</span> </pre> <p>where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ID</span></code> is incremented for each additional Oracle home directory on your computer.</p> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1"><span class="bold">Note</span>:</p> If you use ORADIM to create or edit instances, then it automatically sets the relevant registry parameters to their appropriate values.</div> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> <a href="registry.htm#g1015622">Chapter 15, "Configuration Parameters and the Registry"</a> for instructions on adding and editing registry parameters</div> <a id="NTQRF218" name="NTQRF218"></a> <p class="subhead1">Starting or Stopping OracleService<code><span class="codeinlineboldital">SID</span></code> from the Control Panel</p> <ol> <li> <p>To start the database, start <span class="bold">OracleService</span><code><span class="codeinlineboldital">SID</span></code>.</p> <p>This automatically starts ORADIM and issues the -<code>STARTUP</code> command using the <a href="glossary.htm#i432288"><span class="xrefglossterm">initialization parameter file</span></a> identified by <code>ORA_</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code><code>_PFILE</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>To stop the database, stop <span class="bold">OracleService</span><code><span class="codeinlineboldital">SID</span></code>.</p> <p>This automatically starts ORADIM, which issues the <code>-SHUTDOWN</code> command in the mode indicated by <code>ORA_</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code><code>_SHUTDOWNTYPE</code>, and shuts down Oracle Database.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> Your operating system documentation for instructions on starting and stopping services.</div> </li> </ol> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="CDCBIDDE" name="CDCBIDDE"></a><a id="NTQRF219" name="NTQRF219"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1"><a id="sthref231" name="sthref231"></a><a id="sthref232" name="sthref232"></a><a id="sthref233" name="sthref233"></a><a id="sthref234" name="sthref234"></a><a id="sthref235" name="sthref235"></a>Starting Multiple Instances</h2> <ol> <li> <p>Start the service for each instance using ORADIM or the Services dialog of the Control Panel.</p> </li> <li> <p>At the command prompt set the <code>ORACLE_SID</code> configuration parameter to the <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> for the first instance to run:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\> SET ORACLE_SID=<span class="italic">SID</span> </pre> <p>where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> is the name of the Oracle Database instance.</p> </li> <li> <p>Start SQL*Plus:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\> sqlplus /NOLOG </pre></li> <li> <p>Connect <code>AS</code> <code>SYSDBA</code>:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA </pre></li> <li> <p>Start up the first instance:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> STARTUP PFILE=<span class="italic">ORACLE_BASE</span>\admin\db_name\pfile\init.ora </pre> <p>where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> is <code>c:\app\oracle\product\11.2.0</code> (unless you changed it during installation) and <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">db_name</span></code> is the name of the instance.</p> </li> <li> <p>Repeat Steps 2-5 for the other instances to run.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006252" name="i1006252"></a><a id="NTQRF221" name="NTQRF221"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1"><a id="sthref236" name="sthref236"></a><a id="sthref237" name="sthref237"></a><a id="sthref238" name="sthref238"></a><a id="sthref239" name="sthref239"></a><a id="sthref240" name="sthref240"></a>Creating <a id="sthref241" name="sthref241"></a><a id="sthref242" name="sthref242"></a><a id="sthref243" name="sthref243"></a><a id="sthref244" name="sthref244"></a><a id="sthref245" name="sthref245"></a>and Populating Password Files</h2> <p>Use Password Utility to create password files. Password Utility is automatically installed with Oracle Database utilities. Password files are located in directory <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code><code>\database</code> and are named <code>PWD</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">sid</span></code><code>.ora</code>, where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> identifies the Oracle Database instance. Password files can be used for local or remote connections to Oracle Database.</p> <p>To create and populate a password file:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Create a password file with the Password Utility:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\> orapwd FILE=PWD<span class="italic">sid</span>.ora ENTRIES=<span class="italic">max_users</span> </pre> <p>where</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>FILE</code> specifies the password filename.</p> </li> <li> <p><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code> identifies the database instance.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>ENTRIES</code> sets maximum number of entries in password file. This corresponds to maximum number of distinct users allowed to connect to the database simultaneously with either the <a href="glossary.htm#i432528"><span class="xrefglossterm">SYSDBA</span></a> or the <a href="glossary.htm#i432534"><span class="xrefglossterm">SYSOPER</span></a> DBA <a href="glossary.htm#i432451"><span class="xrefglossterm">privilege</span></a>.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>Set initialization parameter file parameter <code>REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE</code> to <code>exclusive</code>, <code>shared</code>, or <code>none</code>.</p> <p>The value <code>exclusive</code> specifies that only one instance can use the password file and that the password file contains names other than <code>SYS</code>. In search of the password file, Oracle Database looks in the registry for the value of parameter <code>ORA_SID_PWFILE</code>. If no value is specified, then it looks in the registry for the value of parameter <code>ORA_PWFILE</code>, which points to a file containing usernames, passwords, and privileges. If that is not set, then it uses the default:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn"><span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\DATABASE\PWDsid.ORA. </pre> <p>The default value is <code>shared</code>. It specifies that multiple instances (for example, an Oracle RAC environment) can use the password file. However, the only user recognized by the password file is <code>SYS</code>. Other users cannot log in with <code>SYSOPER</code> or <code>SYSDBA</code> privileges even if those privileges are granted in the password file. The <code>shared</code> value of this parameter affords backward compatibility with earlier Oracle releases. Oracle Database looks for the same files as it does when the value is <code>exclusive</code>.</p> <p>The value <code>none</code> specifies that Oracle Database ignores the password file and that authentication of privileged users is handled by the Windows operating system.</p> </li> <li> <p>Start SQL*Plus:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">C:\> sqlplus /NOLOG </pre></li> <li> <p>Connect <code>AS SYSDBA</code>:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA </pre> <p>For an ASM instance, connect <code>AS SYSASM</code>:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSASM </pre></li> <li> <p>Start Oracle Database:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> STARTUP </pre></li> <li> <p>Grant appropriate privileges to each user. Users who must perform database administration, for example, would be granted privilege <code>SYSDBA</code>:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> GRANT SYSDBA TO db_administrator; </pre> <p>For an ASM instance:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">SQL> GRANT SYSASM TO SYS; </pre> <p>If the grant is successful, then the following message displays:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">Statement Processed. </pre> <p>This adds <code>scott</code> to the password file and enables <code>scott</code> to connect to the database with <code>SYSDBA</code> privileges. Use SQL*Plus to add or delete usernames, user passwords, and user privileges in password files.</p> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1">Caution:</p> <a id="sthref246" name="sthref246"></a>Copying or manually moving password files may result in ORADIM being unable to find a password to start an instance.</div> </li> </ol> <a id="i1006348" name="i1006348"></a><a id="NTQRF222" name="NTQRF222"></a> <div class="sect2"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h3 class="sect2"><a id="sthref247" name="sthref247"></a><a id="sthref248" name="sthref248"></a>Viewing and Hiding the Password File</h3> <p>The password file is not automatically hidden. It can be made invisible and visible again from two different locations:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#i1009158">Command Prompt</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1009162">Windows Explorer</a></p> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1">Note:</p> The password file must be visible before it can be moved, copied, or deleted.</div> </li> </ul> <a id="i1009158" name="i1009158"></a><a id="NTQRF223" name="NTQRF223"></a> <p class="subhead1">Command Prompt</p> <ol> <li> <p>To see the password file, enter:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn"><span class="italic">ORACLE_BASE</span>\<span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database> attrib </pre> <p>The password file is displayed as <code>PWD</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">sid</span></code><code>.ora</code>:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">A <span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database\oradba.exe A <span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database\oradim.log A <span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database\PWD<span class="italic">sid</span>.ora A <span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database\SPFILE<span class="italic">sid</span>.ora </pre></li> <li> <p>To make the password file invisible, enter:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn"><span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database> attrib +H PWD<span class="italic">sid</span>.ora </pre></li> <li> <p>To see the effect of the change, enter:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn"><span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database> attrib </pre> <p>The password file is now hidden:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">A <span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database\oradba.exe A <span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database\oradim.log A H <span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database\PWD<span class="italic">sid</span>.ora A <span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database\SPFILE<span class="italic">sid</span>.ora </pre></li> <li> <p>To make the password file visible again, enter:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn"><span class="italic">ORACLE_HOME</span>\database> attrib -H PWD<span class="italic">sid</span>.ora </pre></li> </ol> <a id="i1009162" name="i1009162"></a><a id="NTQRF224" name="NTQRF224"></a> <p class="subhead1">Windows Explorer</p> <p>To make the password file invisible or visible again:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Navigate to directory <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code><code>\database</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Right-click <span class="bold">PWD</span><span class="bolditalic">sid</span><span class="bold">.ora</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Choose <span class="bold">Properties</span>.</p> <p>The <code>PWD</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">sid</span></code><code>.ora</code> Properties dialog opens.</p> </li> <li> <p>In <span class="bold">Attributes</span>, check or clear the checkbox next to <span class="bold">Hidden</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">OK</span>.</p> </li> </ol> <p>To view or hide an invisible password file:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Navigate to directory <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code><code>\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code><code>\database</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Choose <span class="bold">Folder Options</span> from the <span class="bold">View</span> main menu.</p> </li> <li> <p>Choose the <span class="bold">View</span> tab.</p> </li> <li> <p>To view an invisible password file, choose <span class="bold">Show hidden files and folders</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>To hide a visible password file, choose <span class="bold">Do not show hidden files and folders</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Click <span class="bold">OK</span>.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --></div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006416" name="i1006416"></a><a id="NTQRF225" name="NTQRF225"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1">Connecting Remotely to the Database as SYS</h2> <p>When connecting to the <a href="glossary.htm#i432525"><span class="xrefglossterm">starter database</span></a> from a <a href="glossary.htm#i432934"><span class="xrefglossterm">remote computer</span></a> as <code>SYS</code>, you must use a different password from the one described in <span class="italic">Oracle Database Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows</span><a class="olink NTDBI" href="../../install.112/e10843/toc.htm"></a> when logging on with <code>SYSDBA</code> privileges. This is because the password file enables database access in this situation and it requires the password <code>oracle</code> for this purpose.</p> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006426" name="i1006426"></a><a id="NTQRF226" name="NTQRF226"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1">Automatically Encrypted <a id="sthref249" name="sthref249"></a><a id="sthref250" name="sthref250"></a><a id="sthref251" name="sthref251"></a><a id="sthref252" name="sthref252"></a>Database Passwords</h2> <p>With Oracle Database, the password used to verify a <a href="glossary.htm#CBAFJIGI"><span class="xrefglossterm">remote database</span></a> connection is automatically encrypted. Whenever a user attempts a remote login, Oracle Database encrypts the password before sending it to the remote database. If the connection fails, then the failure is noted in the operating system audit log.</p> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1">Note:</p> Configuration parameter <code>ORA_ENCRYPT_LOGIN</code> is retained for backward compatibility and is set to <code>true</code> by default. See <a href="registry.htm#g1015622">Chapter 15, "Configuration Parameters and the Registry"</a> for instructions on adding and setting configuration parameters in the registry.</div> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006461" name="i1006461"></a><a id="NTQRF227" name="NTQRF227"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1"><a id="sthref253" name="sthref253"></a><a id="sthref254" name="sthref254"></a><a id="sthref255" name="sthref255"></a><a id="sthref256" name="sthref256"></a><a id="sthref257" name="sthref257"></a><a id="sthref258" name="sthref258"></a><a id="sthref259" name="sthref259"></a>Accessing Database Files on Remote Computers</h2> <p>Oracle Database can access database files on a <a href="glossary.htm#CBAFEDFA"><span class="xrefglossterm">remote computer</span></a> using Universal Naming Convention (UNC), but it may degrade database performance and network reliability. UNC is a PC format for specifying locations of resources on a local area network. UNC uses the following format:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">\\server-name\shared-resource-path-name </pre> <p>For example, UNC specification for file <code>system01.dbf</code> in directory <code>C:\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\oradata\orcl</code> on shared server <code>argon</code> would be:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">\\argon\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\oradata\orcl\system01.dbf </pre> <p>Locations of archive log files cannot be specified using Universal Naming Convention (UNC). Always set initialization parameter <code>LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">n</span></code> to a local drive. If you set it to a UNC specification, then Oracle Database does not start and you receive the following errors:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn"><a id="sthref260" name="sthref260"></a>ORA-00256: error occurred in translating archive text string '\meldell\rmdrive' <a id="sthref261" name="sthref261"></a>ORA-09291: sksachk: invalid device specified for archive destination <a id="sthref262" name="sthref262"></a>OSD-04018: Unable to access the specified directory or device O/S-Error: (OS 2) The system cannot find the file specified </pre> <p>An ORA-00256 error also occurs if you enter <code>\\\meldell\rmdrive</code> or <code>\\\meldell\\rmdrive</code>. Control files required the additional backslashes for Oracle8 release 8.0.4, but <a href="glossary.htm#i432471"><span class="xrefglossterm">redo log files</span></a> and datafiles did not.</p> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1">Note:</p> When you use Universal Naming Convention path with external tables, you must ensure that Universal Naming Convention share names do not match with the local share names on which the database server runs. If the Universal Naming Convention share names and the local share names match, then it will result in an error.</div> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006494" name="i1006494"></a><a id="NTQRF228" name="NTQRF228"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1"><a id="sthref263" name="sthref263"></a><a id="sthref264" name="sthref264"></a><a id="sthref265" name="sthref265"></a><a id="sthref266" name="sthref266"></a><a id="sthref267" name="sthref267"></a><a id="sthref268" name="sthref268"></a><a id="sthref269" name="sthref269"></a>Archiving Redo Log Files</h2> <p>If you installed Oracle Database through the Typical installation, then it is created in <code>NOARCHIVELOG</code> mode. If you created your database through the Custom option of Database Configuration Assistant, then you had the choice of either <code>ARCHIVELOG</code> or <code>NOARCHIVELOG</code>.</p> <p>In <code>NOARCHIVELOG</code> mode, redo logs are not archived. Setting your archive mode to <code>ARCHIVELOG</code> and enabling automatic archiving causes <a href="glossary.htm#i432471"><span class="xrefglossterm">redo log files</span></a> to be archived. This protects Oracle Database from both instance and disk failure.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> "Managing Archived Redo Logs" in <a class="olink ADMIN008" href="http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=ADMIN008"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Administrator's Guide</span></a> for more information about the archiving modes and the archiving process.</div> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --></div> <!-- class="ind" --> <div class="footer"> <hr /> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <col width="33%" /> <col width="*" /> <col width="33%" /> <tr> <td align="left"> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="98"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="config.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/leftnav.gif" alt="Go to previous page" /><br /> <span class="icon">Previous</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="monitor.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/rightnav.gif" alt="Go to next page" /><br /> <span class="icon">Next</span></a></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%" align="center" class="copyrightlogo"><img width="144" height="18" src="../../dcommon/gifs/oracle.gif" alt="Oracle" /><br /> Copyright © 1996, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 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