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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" /> <meta name="robots" content="all" scheme="http://www.robotstxt.org/" /> <meta name="generator" content="Oracle DARB XHTML Converter (Mode = document) - Version 5.1" /> <meta name="Date" content="2009-09-09T22:35:12Z" /> <meta name="doctitle" content="Oracle® Database 2 Day DBA 11g Release 2 (11.2)" /> <meta name="partno" content="E10897-02" /> <meta name="docid" content="ADMQS" /> <link rel="Start" href="../../index.htm" title="Home" type="text/html" /> <link rel="Copyright" href="../../dcommon/html/cpyr.htm" title="Copyright" type="text/html" /> <link rel="Stylesheet" href="../../dcommon/css/blafdoc.css" title="Default" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../dcommon/js/doccd.js"> </script> <link rel="Contents" href="toc.htm" title="Contents" type="text/html" /> <link rel="Index" href="index.htm" title="Index" type="text/html" /> <link rel="Prev" href="preface.htm" title="Previous" type="text/html" /> <link rel="Next" href="install.htm" title="Next" type="text/html" /> <link rel="alternate" href="../e10897.pdf" title="PDF version" type="application/pdf" /> <title>Introduction</title> </head> <body> <div class="header"> <div class="zz-skip-header"><a name="top" id="top" href="#BEGIN">Skip Headers</a></div> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"><b>Oracle® Database 2 Day DBA<br /> 11<i>g</i> Release 2 (11.2)</b><br /> Part Number E10897-02</td> <td valign="bottom" align="right"> <table class="icons oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="245"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="../../index.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/doclib.gif" alt="Go to Documentation Home" /><br /> <span class="icon">Home</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="../../nav/portal_booklist.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/booklist.gif" alt="Go to Book List" /><br /> <span class="icon">Book List</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="toc.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/toc.gif" alt="Go to Table of Contents" /><br /> <span class="icon">Contents</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/index.gif" alt="Go to Index" /><br /> <span class="icon">Index</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="../../dcommon/html/feedback.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/feedbck2.gif" alt="Go to Feedback page" /><br /> <span class="icon">Contact Us</span></a></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <hr /> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="98"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="preface.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/leftnav.gif" alt="Go to previous page" /><br /> <span class="icon">Previous</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="install.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/rightnav.gif" alt="Go to next page" /><br /> <span class="icon">Next</span></a></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td align="right" valign="top" style="font-size: 90%"><a href="../e10897.pdf">View PDF</a></td> </tr> </table> <a name="BEGIN" id="BEGIN"></a></div> <div class="IND"><!-- End Header --><a id="CIHHJGJD" name="CIHHJGJD"></a><a id="ADMQS001" name="ADMQS001"></a> <h1 class="chapter"><span class="secnum">1</span> Introduction</h1> <p>As a database administrator (DBA), you are responsible for the overall operation of Oracle Database. This introductory chapter is intended to help orient you to many common DBA tasks, to the tools available to you, and to this guide. The chapter contains the following sections:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#BABGFFHA">About This Guide</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#BHCCGABJ">About Oracle Database</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#CIHDHEEH">Common Oracle DBA Tasks</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#BHCCGJAJ">Tools for Administering the Database</a></p> </li> </ul> <a id="BABGFFHA" name="BABGFFHA"></a><a id="ADMQS011" name="ADMQS011"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1">About This Guide</h2> <p><span class="italic">Oracle Database 2 Day DBA</span> is a database administration quick start guide that teaches you how to perform day-to-day database administrative tasks. The goal of this guide is to help you understand the concepts behind Oracle Database, and to help you learn how to perform all common administrative tasks needed to keep the database operational. These tasks include configuring the database, managing memory and storage, managing users, managing database objects such as tables, performing basic troubleshooting, creating backups for your database, performance monitoring activities, and more.</p> <p>The primary administrative interface used in this guide is Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control, featuring all the self-management capabilities introduced in Oracle Database.</p> <a id="ADMQS0111" name="ADMQS0111"></a> <div class="sect2"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --><a id="sthref7" name="sthref7"></a> <h3 class="sect2">What This Guide Is Not</h3> <p><span class="italic">Oracle Database 2 Day DBA</span> is task-oriented. The objective is to describe why and when administrative tasks must be performed. Where appropriate, it describes the concepts necessary to understand and complete a task, assuming the reader has no prior knowledge of the database. This guide is not an exhaustive discussion of all Oracle Database concepts. For this type of information, see <a class="olink CNCPT" href="http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=CNCPT"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Concepts</span></a>.</p> <p>Additionally, for a complete discussion of administrative tasks, see <a class="olink ADMIN" href="http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=ADMIN"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Administrator's Guide.</span></a></p> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="ADMQS0112" name="ADMQS0112"></a> <div class="sect2"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --><a id="sthref8" name="sthref8"></a> <h3 class="sect2">How to Use This Guide with Related Material</h3> <p>This guide is part of a comprehensive set of learning material for administering Oracle Database, which includes a 2 Day DBA Oracle By Example (OBE) series, available on the Web, and in an Oracle University instructor-led class.</p> <p>Every chapter in <span class="italic">Oracle Database 2 Day DBA</span> has an associated Oracle By Example lesson. The OBE steps through all tasks in the chapter and includes annotated screenshots. In some cases, the OBE provides additional information to help you complete the task.</p> <p>At the end of each chapter, you can find the link to its associated OBE lesson. The home page for the 2 Day DBA Oracle By Example series is as follows:</p> <p><code><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technology/obe/11gr2_2day_dba/index.html">http://www.oracle.com/technology/obe/11gr2_2day_dba/index.html</a></code></p> <p>In addition, Oracle University provides a related instructor-led course called Oracle Database 11g: 2 Day DBA. Contact <a href="http://education.oracle.com">Oracle University</a> for more information.</p> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --></div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="BHCCGABJ" name="BHCCGABJ"></a><a id="ADMQS012" name="ADMQS012"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1">About Oracle Database</h2> <p>Oracle Database is a relational database with object and Extensible Markup Language (XML) capabilities. In a relational database, all data is stored in two-dimensional tables that are composed of rows and columns. Oracle Database enables you to store data, update it, and efficiently retrieve it, with a high degree of performance, reliability, and scalability.</p> <p>Oracle Database is composed of the following elements:</p> <ul> <li> <p>The Oracle software that you install on your host computer</p> </li> <li> <p>The <span class="bold">database</span>, which is a collection of physical files on one or more disks</p> <p>The database contains user data, metadata, and control structures. <span class="bold">Metadata</span>, or data about the data, is the collection of information on disk that permits Oracle software to manage user data. An example of metadata is the data dictionary. Control structures (such as the control file and online redo log files) ensure the integrity, availability, and recoverability of user data.</p> </li> <li> <p>The <span class="bold">Oracle instance</span>, which is composed of the following:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a id="sthref9" name="sthref9"></a>The <span class="bold">background processes</span>, which are the operating system processes or threads that perform the work of accessing, storing, monitoring, and recovering user data, metadata, and control files associated with the database</p> </li> <li> <p>The shared memory areas used by the background processes</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><span class="bold">Server processes</span> that perform work on behalf of connected users and applications, and the memory and temporary storage used by these processes</p> <p>Server processes parse and execute SQL statements, and retrieve and return results to the user or application.</p> </li> <li> <p>Oracle Net, which is a software layer that enables client applications and Oracle Database to communicate over a network, and the Oracle Net <span class="bold">listener</span>, which is a process that listens for connection requests from the network.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="network.htm#CHDFHIFE">Chapter 4, "Configuring the Network Environment"</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="instance.htm#CACFBJED">Chapter 5, "Managing the Oracle Instance"</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="storage.htm#CHDIFFDC">Chapter 6, "Managing Database Storage Structures"</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a class="olink CNCPT1249" href="http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=CNCPT1249"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Concepts</span></a> for more information about background processes</p> </li> <li> <p><a class="olink REFRN104" href="http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=REFRN104"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Reference</span></a> for more information about background processes</p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="CIHDHEEH" name="CIHDHEEH"></a><a id="ADMQS12032" name="ADMQS12032"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1">Common Oracle DBA Tasks</h2> <p>As an Oracle DBA, you can expect to be involved in the following tasks:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Installing Oracle software</p> </li> <li> <p>Creating Oracle databases</p> </li> <li> <p>Performing upgrades of the database and software to new release levels</p> </li> <li> <p>Starting and shutting down the database instance</p> </li> <li> <p>Managing the storage structures of the database</p> </li> <li> <p>Managing users and security</p> </li> <li> <p>Managing database objects, such as tables, indexes, and views</p> </li> <li> <p>Backing up the database and performing recovery operations when necessary</p> </li> <li> <p>Monitoring the state of the database and taking preventive or corrective action as required</p> </li> <li> <p>Monitoring and tuning database performance</p> </li> <li> <p>Diagnosing and reporting critical errors to Oracle Support Services</p> </li> </ul> <p>In a small to medium-sized database environment, you might be the sole person performing these tasks. In large, enterprise environments, the job is often divided among several DBAs, each of whom has a specialty, such as database security or database tuning.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> <span class="italic">Oracle Database Concepts</span><a class="olink CNCPT828" href="http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=CNCPT828"></a> for more information about the duties of database administrators</div> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="BHCCGJAJ" name="BHCCGJAJ"></a><a id="ADMQS013" name="ADMQS013"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1">Tools for Administering the Database</h2> <p>The goal of this guide is to enable you to quickly and efficiently create an Oracle database, and to provide guidance in basic database administration.</p> <p>The following are some products, tools, and utilities you can use to achieve your goals as a database administrator:</p> <ul> <li> <p><span class="bold">Oracle Universal Installer</span></p> <p>Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) is a utility that installs your Oracle software and options. It can automatically start Oracle Database Configuration Assistant to install a database.</p> </li> <li> <p><span class="bold">Oracle Database Configuration Assistant</span></p> <p>Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) is a utility that creates a database from templates that are supplied by Oracle, or you can create your own. It enables you to copy a preconfigured seed database, thus saving the time and effort of generating and customizing a new database.</p> </li> <li> <p><span class="bold">Database Upgrade Assistant</span></p> <p>The Database Upgrade Assistant is a tool that guides you through the upgrade of your existing database to a new Oracle Database release.</p> </li> <li> <p><span class="bold">Net Configuration Assistant</span></p> <p>Net Configuration Assistant (NETCA) is a utility that enables you to configure listeners and naming methods, which are critical components of the Oracle Database network.</p> </li> <li> <p><span class="bold">Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control</span></p> <p>The primary product for managing your database is Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control (Database Control), a Web-based interface. After you have installed the Oracle Database software, created or upgraded a database, and configured the network, you can use Database Control to manage your database. Database Control also provides an interface for performance advisors and for Oracle utilities such as SQL*Loader and Recovery Manager (RMAN).</p> <p>Oracle also offers separately licensed Oracle Enterprise Manager management packs, management plug-ins, and other products you can purchase to enhance the capabilities of Oracle Enterprise Manager in specific environments.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> <a class="olink DBLIC" href="http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=DBLIC"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Licensing Information</span></a></div> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --></div> <!-- class="ind" --> <div class="footer"> <hr /> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <col width="33%" /> <col width="*" /> <col width="33%" /> <tr> <td align="left"> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="98"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="preface.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/leftnav.gif" alt="Go to previous page" /><br /> <span class="icon">Previous</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="install.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/rightnav.gif" alt="Go to next page" /><br /> <span class="icon">Next</span></a></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%" align="center" class="copyrightlogo"><img width="144" height="18" src="../../dcommon/gifs/oracle.gif" alt="Oracle" /><br /> Copyright © 2004, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 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