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This standard is a set of configuration guidelines created to ensure well organized Oracle installations that are easier to maintain. It includes information about the following topics:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#CBBGIAHE">Overview of the Optimal Flexible Architecture Standard</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#CBBGJJAG">Changes to the Optimal Flexible Architecture for Oracle Database 11<span class="italic">g</span></a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006203">Directory Tree Differences by Release</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006238">Optimal Flexible Architecture Directory Naming Conventions</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006345">Optimal Flexible Architecture and Multiple Oracle Home Configurations</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006606">Comparison Between Optimal Flexible Architecture on Windows and UNIX</a></p> </li> </ul> <a id="CBBGIAHE" name="CBBGIAHE"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1"><span class="secnum">B.1</span> Overview of the Optimal Flexible Architecture Standard<a id="sthref676" name="sthref676"></a></h2> <p>The Optimal Flexible Architecture standard helps you to organize database software and configure databases to allow multiple databases, of different versions, owned by different users to coexist. Optimal Flexible Architecture assists in identification of <code>ORACLE_BASE</code> with its Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR) diagnostic data to properly collect incidents.</p> <p>All Oracle components on the installation media are compliant with Optimal Flexible Architecture. Oracle Universal Installer places Oracle Database components in directory locations, assigning the default permissions that follow Optimal Flexible Architecture guidelines.</p> <p>Oracle recommends that you use Optimal Flexible Architecture, specially if the database grows in size, or if you plan to have multiple databases.</p> <div class="sect2"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --><a id="sthref677" name="sthref677"></a> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.1.1</span> Advantages of Multiple Oracle Homes and OFA<a id="sthref678" name="sthref678"></a></h3> <p>When you install Oracle database, you are installing one of the largest applications that your computer can support. Using multiple Oracle homes and Optimal Flexible Architecture provides many advantages when administering large databases. The following advantages are important:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Structured organization of directories and files, and consistent naming for database files simplify database administration.</p> </li> <li> <p>Distribution of I/O across multiple disks prevents performance bottlenecks caused by multiple read or write commands issued simultaneously to a single drive.</p> </li> <li> <p>Distribution of applications across multiple disks safeguards against database failures.</p> </li> <li> <p>Login home directories are not at risk when database administrators add, move, or delete Oracle home directories.</p> </li> <li> <p>Multiple databases, of different versions, owned by different users can coexist concurrently.</p> </li> <li> <p>Software upgrades can be tested in an Oracle home in a separate directory from the Oracle home where your production database is located.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --></div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="CBBGJJAG" name="CBBGJJAG"></a> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h2 class="sect1"><span class="secnum">B.2</span> Changes to the Optimal Flexible Architecture for Oracle Database 11<span class="italic">g</span></h2> <p><a id="sthref679" name="sthref679"></a>For previous releases of Oracle Database, the Optimal Flexible Architecture recommended Oracle home path was similar to the following:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">c:\oracle\ora92 </pre> <p>Starting with Oracle Database 11<span class="italic">g</span> Release 1 (11.1), the Optimal Flexible Architecture recommended Oracle home path changed. The Optimal Flexible Architecture recommended path is now similar to the following:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">c:\app\<span class="italic">username</span>\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1 </pre> <p>The <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> default does not contain version information but the default <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code> does.</p> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006203" name="i1006203"></a> <div class="sect1"> <h2 class="sect1"><span class="secnum">B.3</span> <a id="sthref680" name="sthref680"></a>Directory Tree Differences by Release</h2> <p><a id="sthref681" name="sthref681"></a><a id="sthref682" name="sthref682"></a>Optimal Flexible Architecture has necessitated changes to the Oracle Database directory tree. This section lists the differences:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#BABHJGIA">Top-Level Oracle Directory</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#BABEICFC">Database File Names</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#BABDFICF">Database File Name Extensions</a></p> </li> </ul> <a id="BABHJGIA" name="BABHJGIA"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.3.1</span> Top-Level Oracle Directory</h3> <p>In an Oracle8<span class="italic">i</span> Release 8.1.3 or earlier release, all subdirectories are located under a top-level <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code> directory that by default is <code>c:\orant</code>.</p> <p>When you install Oracle Database Optimal Flexible Architecture-compliant database, all subdirectories are no longer under a top-level <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code> directory. There is a new top-level Oracle base directory, <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DRIVE_LETTER</span></code><code>:\app\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">username</span></code>, where <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DRIVE_LETTER</span></code> is any hard drive.</p> <p>The Oracle base directory contains <code>\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code> directories, <code>\oradata</code> directories (for database files), <code>\diag</code> (for diagnostic data), \flash_recovery_area (for recovery operations), and <code>\admin</code> directories (for database administration files).</p> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="BABEICFC" name="BABEICFC"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.3.2</span> Database File Names</h3> <p>In Oracle8<span class="italic">i</span> Release 8.1.3 and earlier releases, database files have the SID in the database file name. For example, the first control file is named <code>ctl1</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">SID</span></code><code>.ora</code>.</p> <p>Beginning with Oracle8<span class="italic">i</span> Release 8.1.4, database files no longer have the SID in the database file name. For example, the first control file is named <code>control01.ctl.</code> There is no need for the presence of the SID in the file name, because all the database files for a particular database are placed in <code>\oradata</code> under a directory called <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DB_UNIQUE_NAME</span></code> that is named for that database.</p> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="BABDFICF" name="BABDFICF"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.3.3</span> Database File Name Extensions</h3> <p>In Oracle8<span class="italic">i</span> Release 8.1.3 and earlier releases, all database files have the same <code>.ORA</code> extension.</p> <p>In an Optimal Flexible Architecture-compliant release, the convention of having <code>.ora</code> as the filename extension for database files is no longer used. Database filenames now have more meaningful extensions. These are:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>.ctl</code> for control files</p> </li> <li> <p><code>.log</code> for log files</p> </li> <li> <p><code>.dbf</code> for data files</p> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --></div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006238" name="i1006238"></a> <div class="sect1"> <h2 class="sect1"><span class="secnum">B.4</span> Optimal Flexible Architecture Directory Naming Conventions</h2> <p><a id="sthref683" name="sthref683"></a>Optimal Flexible Architecture uses directory naming conventions that make it easy to identify the precise Oracle home and database name that is associated with a set of files. This section describes the naming conventions used for top-level directories of an Optimal Flexible Architecture-compliant database directory tree:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#i1010000">ORACLE_BASE Directory</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1010016">ORACLE_HOME Directory</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006296">ADMIN Directory</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006306">ORADATA Directory</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#BABIFGAD">RECOVERY_AREA Directory</a></p> </li> </ul> <a id="i1010000" name="i1010000"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.4.1</span> ORACLE_BASE Directory <a id="sthref684" name="sthref684"></a></h3> <p><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> is the root of the Oracle directory tree. If you install an Optimal Flexible Architecture-compliant database using Oracle Universal Installer default settings, then <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> is <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DRIVE_LETTER</span></code>:<code>\app\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">username.</span></code></p> <p>If you are installing Oracle Database for Microsoft Windows on a computer with no other Oracle software installed, then you can change the <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> directory before running Oracle Universal Installer. Most users do not need or want to do this.</p> <p>Do not change the value of <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> after you run Oracle Universal Installer for the first time. If there is an existing <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> and you change it, then there is a conflict of Oracle base directories. If you create another <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> when the original <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> already exists, then certain tools and the database are not able to find previously created files. They look for them in the new <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> instead of the original <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code>.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> Your operating system documentation for instructions about editing environment variables</div> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1010016" name="i1010016"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.4.2</span> ORACLE_HOME Directory<a id="sthref685" name="sthref685"></a></h3> <p>The <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code> directory is located under <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DRIVE_LETTER:\ORACLE_BASE</span></code>, where <code>DRIVE_LETTER:\</code>is any hard drive, and contains subdirectories for Oracle software executables and network files.</p> <p>If you install Oracle Database for Windows on a computer with no other Oracle software installed and you use default settings, then the first directory that you create is called <code>\dbhome_1</code>.</p> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1006296" name="i1006296"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.4.3</span> <a id="sthref686" name="sthref686"></a>ADMIN Directory</h3> <p>Database administration files are stored in subdirectories of <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> <code>\admin\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DB_UNIQUE_NAME</span></code>.</p> <p>Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR) directories replace the bdump, cdump, and udump directories for the database. The ADR diagnostic data goes into the <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code><code>\diag\rdbms\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DB_UNIQUE_NAME</span></code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">\instance_name</span></code></p> <p>Some of these subdirectories are:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">\alert \hm \incident \incpkg \ir \lck \metadata \stage \sweep \trace </pre></div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1006306" name="i1006306"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.4.4</span> <a id="sthref687" name="sthref687"></a>ORADATA Directory</h3> <p>Database files are stored in <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code><code>\oradata\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DB_UNIQUE_NAME</span></code>. Names and brief descriptions of these files are:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">CONTROL01.CTL --control file 1 CONTROL02.CTL --control file 2 CONTROL03.CTL --control file 3 EXAMPLE01.DBF --EXAMPLE tablespace data files SYSAUX01.DBF --SYSAUX tablespace data files SYSTEM01.DBF --SYSTEM tablespace data file TEMP01.DBF --TEMP tablespace data file USERS01.DBF --USERS tablespace data file *.dbf --data files corresponding to each tablespace in your database REDO01.LOG --redo log file group one, member one REDO02.LOG --redo log file group two, member one REDO03.LOG --redo log file group three, member one </pre> <div class="infoboxnote"> <p class="notep1">Note:</p> This directory structure allows for disk striping on UNIX and Windows platforms. See <a href="#i1006634">"Support for Symbolic Links on Windows"</a>.</div> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="BABIFGAD" name="BABIFGAD"></a> <div class="sect2"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.4.5</span> RECOVERY_AREA Directory<a id="sthref688" name="sthref688"></a><a id="sthref689" name="sthref689"></a></h3> <p>The <code>recovery_area</code> directory stores and manages files related to backup and recovery. It contains a subdirectory for each database on the system. A fast recovery area is an optional disk location that you can use to store recovery-related files such as control files and online redo log copies, archived logs, flashback logs, and Oracle Database Recovery Manager (RMAN) backups. Oracle and RMAN manage the files in the fast recovery area automatically.</p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> <span class="italic"><a class="olink BRADV" href="http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=BRADV">Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide</a></span> to learn how to create and use a fast recovery area</div> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --></div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006345" name="i1006345"></a> <div class="sect1"> <h2 class="sect1"><span class="secnum">B.5</span> Optimal Flexible Architecture and Multiple Oracle Home Configurations</h2> <p>The following sections describe various Optimal Flexible Architecture and multiple Oracle homes configurations.</p> <div class="sect2"><a id="sthref690" name="sthref690"></a> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.5.1</span> <a id="sthref691" name="sthref691"></a>Specifying an ORACLE_HOME Directory</h3> <p><a id="sthref692" name="sthref692"></a><a id="sthref693" name="sthref693"></a>To install an Optimal Flexible Architecture-compliant database, you must specify an Oracle home directory in the form of:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn"><span class="italic">DRIVE_LETTER</span>:\app\<span class="italic">username</span>\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1 </pre> <p>where:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DRIVE_LETTER:\</span></code> is any hard drive. For example, <code>c:\</code></p> </li> <li> <p><code>\app\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">username</span></code> is the <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> before performing the installation.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>dbhome_1</code> is the default directory name.</p> </li> </ul> <p>The following are examples of Optimal Flexible Architecture-compliant Oracle home directories:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>c:\app\test1\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1</code></p> </li> <li> <p><code>d:\app\test2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1</code></p> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1006361" name="i1006361"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.5.2</span> <a id="sthref694" name="sthref694"></a>Installing a Default Optimal Flexible Architecture Database: Example</h3> <p><a id="sthref695" name="sthref695"></a><a id="sthref696" name="sthref696"></a>This example shows how to create all Oracle homes within one Oracle base directory.</p> <ol> <li> <p>Install any Oracle Database that supports Optimal Flexible Architecture (Oracle Database Release 8.1.6 or later) on a computer with no other Oracle software installed and ensure that you accept the default settings for the Oracle home (for example, <code>c:\app\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">username</span></code><code>\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1</code>).</p> </li> <li> <p>Install any Oracle Database in a second Oracle home accepting the default settings.</p> </li> </ol> <p><a href="#g1010767">Table B-1</a> shows the default Optimal Flexible Architecture database settings.</p> <div class="tblhruleformal"><a id="sthref697" name="sthref697"></a><a id="g1010767" name="g1010767"></a> <p class="titleintable">Table B-1 Default Optimal Flexible Architecture Database Settings</p> <table class="HRuleFormal" title="Default Optimal Flexible Architecture Database Settings" summary="Rows are database settings. For each setting, the first column identifies it, and the second column shows its default value." dir="ltr" border="1" width="100%" frame="hsides" rules="rows" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <col width="30%" /> <col width="*" /> <thead> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <th align="left" valign="bottom" id="r1c1-t5">Setting</th> <th align="left" valign="bottom" id="r1c2-t5">Value</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r2c1-t5" headers="r1c1-t5"> <p><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code></p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r2c1-t5 r1c2-t5"> <p><code>c:\app\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">username</span></code> (same for all Oracle homes)</p> </td> </tr> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r3c1-t5" headers="r1c1-t5"> <p>Oracle home 1</p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r3c1-t5 r1c2-t5"> <p><code>c:\app\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">username</span></code><code>\product\11.1.0\dbhome_1</code></p> </td> </tr> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r4c1-t5" headers="r1c1-t5"> <p>Oracle home 2</p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r4c1-t5 r1c2-t5"> <p><code>c:\app\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">username</span></code><code>\product\11.1.0\dbhome_2</code></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /></div> <!-- class="tblhruleformal" --></div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1006492" name="i1006492"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.5.3</span> Installing a Nondefault Optimal Flexible Architecture Database: Example 2<a id="sthref698" name="sthref698"></a></h3> <p>In this example, you install each Oracle home into its own directory, but they all share the same Oracle base.</p> <ol> <li> <p>Install any Oracle Database that supports Optimal Flexible Architecture (Oracle Database 8.1.6 or later) on a computer with no other Oracle software installed and change the default Oracle Universal Installer settings for the first Oracle home (for example, from <code>c:\oracle\ora81</code> to <code>X:\xyz\oracle\abc</code>).</p> </li> <li> <p>Install any Oracle Database and change the default Oracle Universal Installer settings for the second Oracle home (for example, from <code>c:\oracle\ora10</code> to <code>X:\pqr</code>).</p> </li> </ol> <p><a href="#g1010799">Table B-2</a> shows the nondefault Optimal Flexible Architecture database settings for this example.</p> <div class="tblhruleformal"><a id="sthref699" name="sthref699"></a><a id="g1010799" name="g1010799"></a> <p class="titleintable">Table B-2 Nondefault Optimal Flexible Architecture Database Settings: Example 2</p> <table class="HRuleFormal" title="Nondefault Optimal Flexible Architecture Database Settings: Example 2" summary="Rows are database settings. For each setting, the first column identifies it, and the second column shows the nondefault value referred to in the text." dir="ltr" border="1" width="100%" frame="hsides" rules="rows" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <col width="36%" /> <col width="*" /> <thead> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <th align="left" valign="bottom" id="r1c1-t6">Setting</th> <th align="left" valign="bottom" id="r1c2-t6">Value</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r2c1-t6" headers="r1c1-t6"> <p><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code></p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r2c1-t6 r1c2-t6"> <p><code>X:\xyz\oracle</code></p> <p>(same for both Oracle homes)</p> </td> </tr> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r3c1-t6" headers="r1c1-t6"> <p>Oracle home 1</p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r3c1-t6 r1c2-t6"> <p><code>X:\xyz\oracle\abc</code></p> </td> </tr> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r4c1-t6" headers="r1c1-t6"> <p>Oracle home 2</p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r4c1-t6 r1c2-t6"> <p><code>X:\pqr</code></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /></div> <!-- class="tblhruleformal" --> <p>The resulting directory tree would look similar to this:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">X:\pqr --Oracle home 2 \bin \network X:\xyz \oracle --ORACLE_BASE for both Oracle homes \abc --Oracle home 1 \bin \network \admin \<span class="italic">DB_UNIQUE_NAME1</span> \dpdump \ \<span class="italic">DB_UNIQUE_NAME2</span> \... \oradata \<span class="italic">DB_UNIQUE_NAME1</span> CONTROL01.CTL CONTROL02.CTL CONTROL03.CTL EXAMPLE01.DBF SYSAUX01.DBF SYSTEM01.DBF TEMP01.DBF USERS01.DBF REDO01.LOG REDO02.LOG REDO03.LOG \<span class="italic">DB_UNIQUE_NAME2</span> </pre></div> <!-- class="sect2" --></div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <a id="i1006606" name="i1006606"></a> <div class="sect1"> <h2 class="sect1"><span class="secnum">B.6</span> Comparison Between Optimal Flexible Architecture on Windows and UNIX<a id="sthref700" name="sthref700"></a></h2> <p>You implement Optimal Flexible Architecture on Windows and UNIX in the same way. However, differences exist regarding the following:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#i1006627">Directory Naming</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1009754">ORACLE_BASE Directory</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a href="#i1006634">Support for Symbolic Links on Windows</a></p> <div class="infoboxnotealso"> <p class="notep1">See Also:</p> Your UNIX operating system-specific administrator's reference for information about Optimal Flexible Architecture on UNIX</div> </li> </ul> <a id="i1006627" name="i1006627"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.6.1</span> Directory Naming</h3> <p>Top-level names of the Optimal Flexible Architecture directory tree differ between Windows and UNIX. However, main subdirectory names and file names are the same on both operating systems.</p> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1009754" name="i1009754"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.6.2</span> ORACLE_BASE Directory</h3> <p><a id="sthref701" name="sthref701"></a><a id="sthref702" name="sthref702"></a><a id="sthref703" name="sthref703"></a>On Windows, Oracle base is associated with an Oracle home directory. <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code> is defined in the registry (for example, in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\KEY_</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">HOME_NAME</span></code>).</p> <p>On UNIX, <code>ORACLE_BASE</code> is associated with a UNIX user's environment.</p> </div> <!-- class="sect2" --> <a id="i1006634" name="i1006634"></a> <div class="sect2"> <h3 class="sect2"><span class="secnum">B.6.3</span> Support for Symbolic Links on Windows<a id="sthref704" name="sthref704"></a><a id="sthref705" name="sthref705"></a></h3> <p>The goal of Optimal Flexible Architecture is to place all Oracle software under one <code>ORACLE_BASE</code> directory and to spread files across different physical drives as your databases increase in size.</p> <p>On UNIX, although everything seems to be in one directory on the same hard drive, files can be on different hard drives if they are symbolically linked or have that directory as a mount point.</p> <p>On Windows, you can use volume mount points to mount files on different hard drives to a single directory. You may have <code>oradata</code> directories on multiple drives, with data files in each one, on Windows version which does not support volume mount points.</p> <p>Oracle recommends that you use one logical drive to store your database administration files and that you place other files, as needed, on other logical drives in an <code>oradata\</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">DB_UNIQUE_NAME</span></code> directory.</p> <p>In the following example, there are four logical drives for a database named <code>prod</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>c:\</code> contains an Oracle home and database administration files.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>f:\</code> contains redo log files. <code>The F:\</code> drive could also represent two physical drives that have been striped to increase performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>g:\</code> contains one of the control files and all <a href="glossary.htm#i432555"><span class="xrefglossterm">tablespace</span></a> files. The <code>G:\</code> drive could also use a RAID Level-5 configuration to increase reliability.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>h:\</code> contains the second control file.</p> </li> </ul> <p>The directory structure would look similar to this:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">c:\app\<span class="italic">username</span>\product\11.2.0 --First logical drive \dbhome_1 --Oracle home \bin --Subtree for Oracle binaries \network --Subtree for Oracle Net \... \admin --Subtree for database administration files \prod --Subtree for prod database administration files \adump --Audit files \dpdump --Default directory for data pump operations. \pfile --Initialization parameter file f:\app\<span class="italic">username</span>\product\11.2.0 --Second logical drive (two physical drives, striped) \oradata --Subtree for Oracle Database files \prod --Subtree for prod database files redo01.log --Redo log file group one, member one redo02.log --Redo log file group two, member one redo03.log --Redo log file group three, member one g:\app\<span class="italic">username</span>\product\11.1.0 --Third logical drive (RAID level 5 configuration) \oradata --Subtree for Oracle Database files \prod --Subtree for prod database files CONTROL01.CTL --Control file 1 EXAMPLE01.DBF --EXAMPLE tablespace data files SYSAUX01.DBF --SYSAUX tablespace data files SYSTEM01.DBF --System tablespace data file TEMP01.DBF --Temporary tablespace data file USERS01.DBF --Users tablespace data file h:\app\<span class="italic">username</span>\product\11.2.0 --Fourth logical drive \oradata --Subtree for Oracle Database files \prod --Subtree for prod database files CONTROL02.CTL --Control file 2 </pre></div> <!-- class="sect2" --></div> <!-- class="sect1" --></div> <!-- class="ind" --> <div class="footer"> <hr /> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <col width="33%" /> <col width="*" /> <col width="33%" /> <tr> <td align="left"> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="98"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="jbridge.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/leftnav.gif" alt="Go to previous page" /><br /> <span class="icon">Previous</span></a></td> <td align="center" valign="top"><a href="advance.htm"><img width="24" height="24" src="../../dcommon/gifs/rightnav.gif" alt="Go to next page" /><br /> <span class="icon">Next</span></a></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%" align="center" class="copyrightlogo"><img width="144" height="18" src="../../dcommon/gifs/oracle.gif" alt="Oracle" /><br /> Copyright © 1996, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 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