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<title>B::Lint - Perl lint</title>
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<li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
	<li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
	<li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
	<li><a href="#options_and_lint_checks">OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS</a></li>
	<li><a href="#non_lint_check_options">NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS</a></li>
	<li><a href="#extending_lint">EXTENDING LINT</a></li>
	<li><a href="#todo">TODO</a></li>
	<li><a href="#bugs">BUGS</a></li>
	<li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
</ul>

<h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
B::Lint - Perl lint


<hr />
<h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
perl -MO=Lint[,OPTIONS] foo.pl


<hr />
<h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
The B::Lint module is equivalent to an extended version of the -w
option of perl. It is named after the program lint which carries
out a similar process for C programs.


<hr />
<h1><a name="options_and_lint_checks">OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS</a></h1>
Option words are separated by commas (not whitespace) and follow the
usual conventions of compiler backend options. Following any options
(indicated by a leading -) come lint check arguments. Each such
argument (apart from the special all and none options) is a
word representing one possible lint check (turning on that check) or
is no-foo (turning off that check). Before processing the check
arguments, a standard list of checks is turned on. Later options
override earlier ones. Available options are:
<dl>
<dt><a name="magic_diamond" class="item">magic-diamond</a>

<dd>
Produces a warning whenever the magic <code>&lt;&gt;</code> readline is
used. Internally it uses perl's two-argument open which itself treats
filenames with special characters specially. This could allow
interestingly named files to have unexpected effects when reading.
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
 % touch 'rm *|'
 % perl -pe 1</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
The above creates a file named <code>rm *|</code>. When perl opens it with
<code>&lt;&gt;</code> it actually executes the shell program <code>rm *</code>. This
makes <code>&lt;&gt;</code> dangerous to use carelessly.
</dd>
</li>
<dt><a name="context" class="item">context</a>

<dd>
Produces a warning whenever an array is used in an implicit scalar
context. For example, both of the lines
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
 $foo = length(@bar);
 $foo = @bar;</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
will elicit a warning. Using an explicit scalar() silences the
warning. For example,
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
 $foo = scalar(@bar);</pre>
</dd>
</li>
<dt><a name="implicit_read_and_implicit_write" class="item">implicit-read and implicit-write</a>

<dd>
These options produce a warning whenever an operation implicitly
reads or (respectively) writes to one of Perl's special variables.
For example, implicit-read will warn about these:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
 /foo/;</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
and implicit-write will warn about these:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
 s/foo/bar/;</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
Both implicit-read and implicit-write warn about this:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
 for (@a) { ... }</pre>
</dd>
</li>
<dt><a name="bare_subs" class="item">bare-subs</a>

<dd>
This option warns whenever a bareword is implicitly quoted, but is also
the name of a subroutine in the current package. Typical mistakes that it will
trap are:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
 use constant foo =&gt; 'bar';
 @a = ( foo =&gt; 1 );
 $b{foo} = 2;</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
Neither of these will do what a naive user would expect.
</dd>
</li>
<dt><a name="dollar_underscore" class="item">dollar-underscore</a>

<dd>
This option warns whenever <a href="file://C|\ADE\aime_smenon_perl_090715\perl\html/pod/perlvar.html#__"><code>$_</code></a> is used either explicitly anywhere or
as the implicit argument of a print statement.
</dd>
</li>
<dt><a name="private_names" class="item">private-names</a>

<dd>
This option warns on each use of any variable, subroutine or
method name that lives in a non-current package but begins with
an underscore (&quot;_&quot;). Warnings aren't issued for the special case
of the single character name &quot;_&quot; by itself (e.g. <a href="file://C|\ADE\aime_smenon_perl_090715\perl\html/pod/perlvar.html#__"><code>$_</code></a> and <a href="file://C|\ADE\aime_smenon_perl_090715\perl\html/pod/perlvar.html#__"><code>@_</code></a>).
</dd>
</li>
<dt><a name="undefined_subs" class="item">undefined-subs</a>

<dd>
This option warns whenever an undefined subroutine is invoked.
This option will only catch explicitly invoked subroutines such
as <code>foo()</code> and not indirect invocations such as <code>&amp;$subref()</code>
or <code>$obj-&gt;meth()</code>. Note that some programs or modules delay
definition of subs until runtime by means of the AUTOLOAD
mechanism.
</dd>
</li>
<dt><a name="regexp_variables" class="item">regexp-variables</a>

<dd>
This option warns whenever one of the regexp variables <a href="file://C|\ADE\aime_smenon_perl_090715\perl\html/pod/perlvar.html#__"><code>$`</code></a>, <a href="file://C|\ADE\aime_smenon_perl_090715\perl\html/pod/perlvar.html#__"><code>$&amp;</code></a> or <a href="file://C|\ADE\aime_smenon_perl_090715\perl\html/pod/perlvar.html#__"><code>$'</code></a>
is used. Any occurrence of any of these variables in your
program can slow your whole program down. See <a href="file://C|\ADE\aime_smenon_perl_090715\perl\html/pod/perlre.html">the perlre manpage</a> for
details.
</dd>
</li>
<dt><a name="all" class="item">all</a>

<dd>
Turn all warnings on.
</dd>
</li>
<dt><a name="none" class="item">none</a>

<dd>
Turn all warnings off.
</dd>
</li>
</dl>


<hr />
<h1><a name="non_lint_check_options">NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS</a></h1>
<dl>
<dt><a name="u_package" class="item">-u Package</a>

<dd>
Normally, Lint only checks the main code of the program together
with all subs defined in package main. The -u option lets you
include other package names whose subs are then checked by Lint.
</dd>
</li>
</dl>


<hr />
<h1><a name="extending_lint">EXTENDING LINT</a></h1>
Lint can be extended by with plugins. Lint uses <a href="file://C|\ADE\aime_smenon_perl_090715\perl\html/lib/Module/Pluggable.html">the Module::Pluggable manpage</a>
to find available plugins. Plugins are expected but not required to
inform Lint of which checks they are adding.
The <code>B::Lint-&gt;register_plugin( MyPlugin =&gt; \@new_checks )</code> method
adds the list of <code>@new_checks</code> to the list of valid checks. If your
module wasn't loaded by <a href="file://C|\ADE\aime_smenon_perl_090715\perl\html/lib/Module/Pluggable.html">the Module::Pluggable manpage</a> then your class name is
added to the list of plugins.
You must create a <code>match( \%checks )</code> method in your plugin class or one
of its parents. It will be called on every op as a regular method call
with a hash ref of checks as its parameter.
The class methods <code>B::Lint-&gt;file</code> and <code>B::Lint-&gt;line</code> contain
the current filename and line number.
<pre>
 package Sample;
 use B::Lint;
 B::Lint-&gt;register_plugin( Sample =&gt; [ 'good_taste' ] );
 
 sub match {
 my ( $op, $checks_href ) = shift @_;
 if ( $checks_href-&gt;{good_taste} ) {
 ...
 }
 }</pre>


<hr />
<h1><a name="todo">TODO</a></h1>
<dl>
<dt><a name="while" class="item">while(&lt;FH&gt;) stomps $_</a>

<dt><a name="strict_oo" class="item">strict oo</a>

<dt><a name="unchecked_system_calls" class="item">unchecked system calls</a>

<dt><a name="more_tests_validate_against_older_perls" class="item">more tests, validate against older perls</a>

</dl>


<hr />
<h1><a name="bugs">BUGS</a></h1>
This is only a very preliminary version.


<hr />
<h1><a name="author">AUTHOR</a></h1>
Malcolm Beattie, <a href="mailto:mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk.">mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk.</a>
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<big>&nbsp;B::Lint - Perl lint</big>
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