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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" /> <title>Initialization Parameters Used for Auditing</title> <meta name="generator" content="Oracle DARB XHTML Converter (Mode = ohj/ohw) - Version 5.1" /> <meta name="date" content="2009-06-02T18:13:4Z" /> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <meta name="doctitle" content="Initialization Parameters Used for Auditing" /> <meta name="relnum" content="11g Release 2 (11.2)" /> <meta name="partnum" content="E10575-01" /> <link rel="copyright" href="./dcommon/html/cpyr.htm" title="Copyright" type="text/html" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="./dcommon/css/blafdoc.css" title="Oracle BLAFDoc" type="text/css" /> <link rel="contents" href="toc.htm" title="Contents" type="text/html" /> <link rel="prev" href="tdpsg_auditing025.htm" title="Previous" type="text/html" /> <script src="./callback.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <noscript>Your browser does not support JavaScript. This help page requires JavaScript to render correctly.</noscript> </head> <body> <div class="zz-skip-header"><a href="#BEGIN">Skip Headers</a></div> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <col width="86%" /> <col width="*" /> <tr valign="bottom"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"><a href="tdpsg_auditing025.htm"><img src="./dcommon/gifs/leftnav.gif" alt="Previous" /><br /> <span class="icon">Previous</span></a> </td> </tr> </table> <p><a id="BCGFHFAC" name="BCGFHFAC"></a><a id="TDPSG50514" name="TDPSG50514"></a></p> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h1>Initialization Parameters Used for Auditing</h1> <a name="BEGIN" id="BEGIN"></a> <p><a href="#BCGEICEJ">Table: Initialization Parameters Used for Auditing</a> lists initialization parameters that you can use to secure auditing.</p> <div class="tblhruleformalwide"><a id="TDPSG94425" name="TDPSG94425"></a><a id="sthref521" name="sthref521"></a><a id="BCGEICEJ" name="BCGEICEJ"></a> <p class="titleintable">Initialization Parameters Used for Auditing</p> <table class="HRuleFormalWide" title="Initialization Parameters Used for Auditing" summary="Initialization Parameters Used for Auditing" dir="ltr" border="1" width="100%" frame="hsides" rules="rows" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <col width="25%" /> <col width="24%" /> <col width="*" /> <thead> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <th align="left" valign="bottom" id="r1c1-t29">Initialization Parameter</th> <th align="left" valign="bottom" id="r1c2-t29">Default Setting</th> <th align="left" valign="bottom" id="r1c3-t29">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r2c1-t29" headers="r1c1-t29"> <p><code>AUDIT_TRAIL</code><a id="sthref522" name="sthref522"></a></p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r2c1-t29 r1c2-t29"> <p><code>DB</code></p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r2c1-t29 r1c3-t29"> <p>Enables or disables auditing. See <a href="tdpsg_auditing006.htm#CEGIDHAG">"Enabling or Disabling the Standard Audit Trail"</a> for detailed information. For a full listing of the <code>AUDIT_TRAIL</code> parameters and an example of setting them, see <a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=DBSEG66232','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Security Guide</span></a>.</p> </td> </tr> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r3c1-t29" headers="r1c1-t29"> <p><code>AUDIT_FILE_DEST</code><a id="sthref523" name="sthref523"></a></p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r3c1-t29 r1c2-t29"> <p><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_BASE</span></code><code>/admin/</code><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_SID</span></code><code>/adump</code></p> <p>or</p> <p><code><span class="codeinlineitalic">ORACLE_HOME</span></code><code>/rdbms/audit</code></p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r3c1-t29 r1c3-t29"> <p>Specifies the operating system directory into which the audit trail is written when the <code>AUDIT_TRAIL</code> initialization parameter is set to <code>OS</code>, <code>XML</code>, or <code>XML,EXTENDED</code>. Oracle Database writes the audit records in XML format if the <code>AUDIT_TRAIL</code> initialization parameter is set to <code>XML</code>.</p> <p>Oracle Database also writes mandatory auditing information to this location, and if the <code>AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS</code> initialization parameter is set, writes audit records for user <code>SYS</code>.</p> </td> </tr> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r4c1-t29" headers="r1c1-t29"> <p><code>AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS</code><a id="sthref524" name="sthref524"></a></p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r4c1-t29 r1c2-t29"> <p><code>FALSE</code></p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r4c1-t29 r1c3-t29"> <p>Enables or disables the auditing of top-level operations directly issued by user <code>SYS</code>, and users connecting with <code>SYSDBA</code> or <code>SYSOPER</code> privilege. Oracle Database writes the audit records to the audit trail of the operating system. If you set the <code>AUDIT_TRAIL</code> initialization parameter to <code>XML</code> or <code>XML, EXTENDED</code>, it writes the audit records in XML format.</p> <p>On UNIX systems, if you have also set the <code>AUDIT_SYSLOG_LEVEL</code> parameter, then it overrides the <code>AUDIT_TRAIL</code> parameter, which writes the <code>SYS</code> audit records to the system audit log using the <code>SYSLOG</code> utility.</p> </td> </tr> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td align="left" id="r5c1-t29" headers="r1c1-t29"> <p><code>AUDIT_SYSLOG_LEVEL</code><a id="sthref525" name="sthref525"></a></p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r5c1-t29 r1c2-t29"> <p>No default setting</p> </td> <td align="left" headers="r5c1-t29 r1c3-t29"> <p>On UNIX systems, writes the <code>SYS</code> and standard <code>OS</code> audit records to the system audit log using the <code>SYSLOG</code> utility.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /></div> <!-- class="tblhruleformalwide" --> <p>To modify an initialization parameter, see <a href="tdpsg_install_config009.htm#CEGFIJIJ">"Modifying the Value of an Initialization Parameter"</a>. For detailed information about initialization parameters, see <a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=REFRN','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Reference</span></a> and <a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=ADMIN00202','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Administrator's Guide</span></a>.</p> <div class="helpinfonotealso"> <h2>Related Topics</h2> <p><a href="tdpsg_auditing001.htm#BCGJGGFJ">About Auditing</a></p> <p><a href="tdpsg_auditing023.htm#i1010870">Guidelines for Managing Audited Information</a></p> <p><a href="tdpsg_auditing024.htm#i1007821">Guidelines for Auditing Typical Database Activity</a></p> <p><a href="tdpsg_auditing025.htm#i1007822">Guidelines for Auditing Suspicious Database Activity</a></p> </div> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <!-- Start Footer --> <div class="footer"> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <col width="86%" /> <col width="*" /> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="copyrightlogo">Copyright © 2006, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 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