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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" /> <title>About Auditing</title> <meta name="generator" content="Oracle DARB XHTML Converter (Mode = ohj/ohw) - Version 5.1" /> <meta name="date" content="2009-06-02T18:13:3Z" /> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <meta name="doctitle" content="About Auditing" /> <meta name="relnum" content="11g Release 2 (11.2)" /> <meta name="partnum" content="E10575-01" /> <link rel="copyright" href="./dcommon/html/cpyr.htm" title="Copyright" type="text/html" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="./dcommon/css/blafdoc.css" title="Oracle BLAFDoc" type="text/css" /> <link rel="contents" href="toc.htm" title="Contents" type="text/html" /> <link rel="prev" href="tdpsg_auditing.htm" title="Previous" type="text/html" /> <link rel="next" href="tdpsg_auditing002.htm" title="Next" type="text/html" /> <script src="./callback.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <noscript>Your browser does not support JavaScript. This help page requires JavaScript to render correctly.</noscript> </head> <body> <div class="zz-skip-header"><a href="#BEGIN">Skip Headers</a></div> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <col width="86%" /> <col width="*" /> <tr valign="bottom"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"><a href="tdpsg_auditing.htm"><img src="./dcommon/gifs/leftnav.gif" alt="Previous" /><br /> <span class="icon">Previous</span></a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="tdpsg_auditing002.htm"><img src="./dcommon/gifs/rightnav.gif" alt="Next" /><br /> <span class="icon">Next</span></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><a id="BCGJGGFJ" name="BCGJGGFJ"></a><a id="TDPSG50051" name="TDPSG50051"></a></p> <div class="sect1"><!-- infolevel="all" infotype="General" --> <h1>About Auditing</h1> <a name="BEGIN" id="BEGIN"></a> <p><span class="bold"><a id="sthref448" name="sthref448"></a><a id="sthref449" name="sthref449"></a>Auditing</span> is the monitoring and recording of selected user database actions. In standard auditing, you use initialization parameters and the <code>AUDIT</code> and <code>NOAUDIT</code> SQL statements to audit SQL statements, privileges, and schema objects, and network and multitier activities.</p> <p>There are also activities that Oracle Database always audits, regardless of whether auditing is enabled. These activities are administrative privilege connections, database startups, and database shutdowns. See <a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=DBSEG0622','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Security Guide</span></a> for more information.</p> <p>Another type of auditing is <a id="sthref450" name="sthref450"></a><a id="sthref451" name="sthref451"></a>fine-grained auditing. Fine-grained auditing enables you to audit at the most granular level, data access, and actions based on content, using Boolean measurement, such as <code>value > 1000</code>. You can use fine-grained auditing to audit activities based on access to or changes in a column. You can create security policies to trigger auditing when someone accesses or alters specified elements in an Oracle database, including the contents within a specified object. You can create policies that define specific conditions that must take place for the audit to occur. For example, you can audit a particular table column to find out when and who tried to access it during a specified period of time. Furthermore, you can create alerts that are triggered when the policy is violated, and write this data to a separate audit file. <a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=DBSEG525','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Security Guide</span></a> explains how to perform fine-grained auditing.</p> <div class="helpinfonotealso"> <h2>Related Topics</h2> <p><a href="tdpsg_auditing021.htm#BCGJJBAA">Guidelines for Auditing</a></p> <p><a href="tdpsg_auditing026.htm#BCGFHFAC">Initialization Parameters Used for Auditing</a></p> <p><a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=DBSEG60067','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Security Guide</span></a> if you are interested in learning how to create triggers to record customized standard auditing information</p> </div> </div> <!-- class="sect1" --> <!-- Start Footer --> <div class="footer"> <table class="simple oac_no_warn" summary="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <col width="86%" /> <col width="*" /> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="copyrightlogo">Copyright © 2006, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 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