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<title>About Subprogram Structure</title>
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<p><a id="BABJGJGJ" name="BABJGJGJ"></a><a id="TDDDG42205" name="TDDDG42205"></a></p>
<div class="sect2">
<h1>About Subprogram Structure</h1>
<a name="BEGIN" id="BEGIN"></a>
<p>A <a id="sthref338" name="sthref338"></a><a id="sthref339" name="sthref339"></a>subprogram follows PL/SQL block structure; that is, it has:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a id="sthref340" name="sthref340"></a><span class="bold">Declarative part</span> (optional)</p>
<p>The declarative part contains declarations of types, constants, variables, exceptions, explicit cursors, and nested subprograms. These items are local to the subprogram and cease to exist when the subprogram completes execution.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a id="sthref341" name="sthref341"></a><span class="bold">Executable part</span> (required)</p>
<p>The executable part contains statements that assign values, control execution, and manipulate data.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a id="sthref342" name="sthref342"></a><span class="bold">Exception-handling part</span> (optional)</p>
<p>The exception-handling part contains code that handles exceptions (run-time errors).</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a id="sthref343" name="sthref343"></a><span class="bold">Comments</span> can appear anywhere in PL/SQL code. The PL/SQL compiler ignores them. Adding comments to your program promotes readability and aids understanding. An <a id="sthref344" name="sthref344"></a><span class="bold">inline comment</span> starts with a double hyphen (<code>--</code>) and extends to the end of the line. A <a id="sthref345" name="sthref345"></a><span class="bold">multiline comment</span> starts with a slash and asterisk (<code>/*</code>) and ends with an asterisk and a slash (<code>*/</code>).</p>
<p>The structure of a <a id="sthref346" name="sthref346"></a>procedure is:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
  PROCEDURE <span class="italic">name</span> [ ( <span class="italic">parameter_list</span> ) ]
  { IS | AS }
    [ <span class="italic">declarative_part</span> ]
  BEGIN  -- executable part begins
    <span class="italic">statement</span>; [ <span class="italic">statement</span>; ]...
  [ EXCEPTION -- executable part ends, exception-handling part begins]
    <span class="italic">exception_handler</span>; [ <span class="italic">exception_handler</span>; ]... ]
  END; /* exception-handling part ends if it exists;
          otherwise, executable part ends */
</pre>
<p>The structure of a <a id="sthref347" name="sthref347"></a>function is like that of a procedure, except that it includes a <a id="sthref348" name="sthref348"></a><code>RETURN</code> clause and at least one <a id="sthref349" name="sthref349"></a><code>RETURN</code> statement (and some optional clauses that are beyond the scope of this document):</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
  FUNCTION <span class="italic">name</span> [ ( <span class="italic">parameter_list</span> ) ] <span class="bold">RETURN</span> <code><span class="codeinlineboldital">data_type</span></code> [ <span class="italic">clauses</span> ]
  { IS | AS }
    [ <span class="italic">declarative_part</span> ]
  BEGIN  -- executable part begins
    -- <span class="bold">at least one statement must be a RETURN statement</span>
    <span class="italic">statement</span>; [ <span class="italic">statement</span>; ]...
  [ EXCEPTION -- executable part ends, exception-handling part begins]
    <span class="italic">exception_handler</span>; [ <span class="italic">exception_handler</span>; ]... ]
  END; /* exception-handling part ends if it exists;
          otherwise, executable part ends */
</pre>
<p>The code that begins with <code>PROCEDURE</code> or <code>FUNCTION</code> and ends before <code>IS</code> or <code>AS</code> is the <a id="sthref350" name="sthref350"></a><a id="sthref351" name="sthref351"></a><span class="bold">subprogram signature</span>. The declarative, executable, and exception-handling parts comprise the <a id="sthref352" name="sthref352"></a><a id="sthref353" name="sthref353"></a><span class="bold">subprogram body</span>. The syntax of <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">exception-handler</span></code> is in <a href="tdddg_subprograms050.htm#BABFIBHE">"About Exceptions and Exception Handlers"</a>.</p>
<div class="helpinfonotealso">
<h2>Related Topics</h2>
<p><a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=LNPLS00816','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database PL/SQL Language Reference</span></a></p>
<p><a href="tdddg_subprograms005.htm#CIHCHIDB">Creating and Managing Standalone Stored Subprograms</a></p>
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