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<title>Avoiding Data Loss During Character-Set Conversion</title>
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<h1>Avoiding Data Loss During Character-Set Conversion</h1>
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<p><a id="sthref692" name="sthref692"></a><a id="sthref693" name="sthref693"></a>As part of a SQL or PL/SQL statement, a literal (with or without the prefix <code>N</code>) is encoded in the same character set as the rest of the statement. On the client side, the statement is encoded in the client character set, which is determined by the <code>NLS_LANG</code> parameter. On the server side, the statement is encoded in the database character set.</p>
<p>When the SQL or PL/SQL statement is transferred from the client to the database, its character set is converted accordingly. If the database character set does not contain all characters that the client used in the text literals, then data is lost in this conversion. <code>NCHAR</code> string literals are more vulnerable than <code>CHAR</code> text literals, because they are designed to be independent of the database character set.</p>
<p>To avoid data loss in conversion to an incompatible database character set, you can activate the <a id="sthref694" name="sthref694"></a><code>NCHAR</code> literal replacement functionality. For more information, see <a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=NLSPG344','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide</span></a>.</p>
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<h2>Related Topics</h2>
<p><a href="tdddg_globalization016.htm#i1006280">About Locale and the NLS_LANG Parameter</a></p>
<p><a href="tdddg_globalization030.htm#CACBIHDF">Using Unicode in Globalized Applications</a></p>
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