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<title>Changing NLS Parameter Values for the Current SQL Function Invocation</title>
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<h1>Changing NLS Parameter Values for the Current SQL Function Invocation</h1>
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<p>SQL functions whose behavior depends on the values of NLS parameters are called <a id="sthref656" name="sthref656"></a><a id="sthref657" name="sthref657"></a><span class="bold">locale-dependent</span>. Some locale-dependent SQL functions have optional <a id="sthref658" name="sthref658"></a>NLS parameters. These functions are:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>TO_CHAR</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>TO_DATE</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>TO_NUMBER</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_UPPER</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_LOWER</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_INITCAP</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLSSORT</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>In all of the preceding functions, you can specify these NLS parameters:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_CURRENCY</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_ISO_CURRENCY</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_CALENDAR</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_SORT</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>In the <code>NLSSORT</code> function, you can also specify these NLS parameters:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_LANGUAGE</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_TERRITORY</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NLS_DATE_FORMAT</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>To specify NLS parameters in a function, use this syntax:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
'<span class="italic">parameter</span>=<span class="italic">value</span>' ['<span class="italic">parameter</span>=<span class="italic">value</span>']...
</pre>
<p>Suppose that you want <code>NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE</code> to be <code>AMERICAN</code> when this query is evaluated:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
SELECT last_name FROM employees WHERE hire_date &gt; '01-JAN-1999';
</pre>
<p>You can set <code>NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE</code> to <code>AMERICAN</code> before running the query:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
ALTER SESSION SET <span class="bold">NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=American</span>;
SELECT last_name FROM employees WHERE hire_date &gt; '01-JAN-1999';
</pre>
<p>Alternatively, you can set <code>NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE</code> to <code>AMERICAN</code> inside the query, using the locale-dependent SQL function <code>TO_DATE</code> with its optional <code>NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE</code> parameter:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
SELECT last_name FROM employees
WHERE hire_date &gt; <span class="bold">TO_DATE('01-JAN-1999', 'DD-MON-YYYY',</span>
                          <span class="bold">'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN')</span>;
</pre>
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<p class="notep1">Tip:</p>
Specify optional NLS parameters in locale-dependent SQL functions only in SQL statements that must be independent of the session NLS parameter values. Using session default values for NLS parameters in SQL functions usually results in better performance.</td>
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<div class="helpinfonotealso">
<h2>Related Topics</h2>
<p><a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=NLSPG009','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide</span></a></p>
<p><a href="tdddg_globalization012.htm#CACJAJGC">Changing NLS Parameter Values</a></p>
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