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<title>Committing Transactions</title>
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<p><a id="BABGBDCF" name="BABGBDCF"></a><a id="TDDDG24100" name="TDDDG24100"></a></p>
<div class="sect1">
<h1>Committing Transactions</h1>
<a name="BEGIN" id="BEGIN"></a>
<p><a id="sthref157" name="sthref157"></a><a id="sthref158" name="sthref158"></a>Committing a transaction makes its changes permanent, erases its savepoints, and releases its locks.<a id="sthref159" name="sthref159"></a><a id="sthref160" name="sthref160"></a></p>
<p>To explicitly commit a transaction, use either the <a id="sthref161" name="sthref161"></a><code>COMMIT</code> statement or (in the SQL&nbsp;Developer environment) the <a id="sthref162" name="sthref162"></a>Commit Changes icon.</p>
<div class="helpinfonote">
<p><span class="bold">Note: </span>Oracle Database issues an <a id="sthref163" name="sthref163"></a><a id="sthref164" name="sthref164"></a><a id="sthref165" name="sthref165"></a><a id="sthref166" name="sthref166"></a>implicit <code>COMMIT</code> statement before and after any data definition language (DDL) statement. For information about DDL statements, see <a href="tdddg_objects001.htm#CIHGAJDJ">"About Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements"</a>.</p>
</div>
<p>Before you commit a transaction:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a id="sthref167" name="sthref167"></a><a id="sthref168" name="sthref168"></a>Your changes are visible to you, but not to other users of the database instance.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Your changes are not final&mdash;you can undo them with a <code>ROLLBACK</code> statement.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>After you commit a transaction:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Your changes are visible to other users, and to their statements that run after you commit your transaction.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Your changes are final&mdash;you cannot undo them with a <code>ROLLBACK</code> statement.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The following example adds one row to the <code>REGIONS</code> table (a very simple transaction), checks the result, and then commits the transaction.</p>
<div class="example"><a id="CHDFDCHE" name="CHDFDCHE"></a><a id="TDDDG182" name="TDDDG182"></a>
<p class="titleinexample">Committing a Transaction</p>
<p>Before transaction:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
SELECT * FROM REGIONS
ORDER BY REGION_ID;
 
</pre>
<p>Result:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
 REGION_ID REGION_NAME
---------- -------------------------
         1 Europe
         2 Americas
         3 Asia
         4 Middle East and Africa
 
</pre>
<p>Transaction (add row to table):</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
INSERT INTO regions (region_id, region_name) VALUES (5, 'Africa');
 
</pre>
<p>Result:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
1 row created.
 
</pre>
<p>Check that row was added:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
SELECT * FROM REGIONS
ORDER BY REGION_ID;
 
</pre>
<p>Result:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
 REGION_ID REGION_NAME
---------- -------------------------
         1 Europe
         2 Americas
         3 Asia
         4 Middle East and Africa
         <span class="bold">5 Africa</span>
</pre>
<p>Commit transaction:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
<span class="bold">COMMIT;</span>
</pre>
<p>Result:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
Commit complete.
</pre></div>

<div class="helpinfonotealso">
<h2>Related Topics</h2>
<p><a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=SQLRF01110','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database SQL Language Reference</span></a></p>
<p><a href="tdddg_dml.htm#CHDEBAED">About DML Statements and Transactions</a></p>
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