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<p><a id="BABCCIEG" name="BABCCIEG"></a><a id="TDDDG23100" name="TDDDG23100"></a></p>
<div class="sect2">
<h1>About the INSERT Statement</h1>
<a name="BEGIN" id="BEGIN"></a>
<p><a id="sthref147" name="sthref147"></a><a id="sthref148" name="sthref148"></a><a id="sthref149" name="sthref149"></a>The <code>INSERT</code> statement inserts rows into an existing table.</p>
<p>The simplest recommended form of the <code>INSERT</code> statement has this syntax:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
INSERT INTO <span class="italic">table_name</span> (<span class="italic">list_of_columns</span>)
VALUES (<span class="italic">list_of_values</span>);
</pre>
<p>Every column in <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">list_of_columns</span></code> must have a valid value in the corresponding position in <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">list_of_values</span></code>. Therefore, before you insert a row into a table, you must know what columns the table has, and what their valid values are. To get this information using SQL&nbsp;Developer, see <a href="tdddg_exploring002.htm#BABGFBBA">Tutorial: Viewing EMPLOYEES Table Properties and Data</a>. To get this information using SQL*Plus, use this statement:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
DESCRIBE <span class="italic">table_name</span>;
</pre>
<p>The <code>INSERT</code> statement in the following example inserts a row into the <code>EMPLOYEES</code> table for an employee for which all column values are known.</p>
<div class="example"><a id="CHDHCEED" name="CHDHCEED"></a><a id="TDDDG176" name="TDDDG176"></a>
<p class="titleinexample">Using the INSERT Statement When All Information Is Available</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEES (
  EMPLOYEE_ID,
  FIRST_NAME,
  LAST_NAME,
  EMAIL,
  PHONE_NUMBER,
  HIRE_DATE,
  JOB_ID,
  SALARY,
  COMMISSION_PCT,
  MANAGER_ID,
  DEPARTMENT_ID
)
VALUES (
  10,              -- EMPLOYEE_ID
  'George',        -- FIRST_NAME
  'Gordon',        -- LAST_NAME
  'GGORDON',       -- EMAIL
  '650.506.2222',  -- PHONE_NUMBER
  '01-JAN-07',     -- HIRE_DATE
  'SA_REP',        -- JOB_ID
  9000,            -- SALARY
  .1,              -- COMMISSION_PCT
  148,             -- MANAGER_ID
  80               -- DEPARTMENT_ID
);
</pre>
<p>Result:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
1 row created.
</pre></div>

<p>You do not need to know all column values to insert a row into a table, but you must know the values of all <code>NOT</code> <code>NULL</code> columns. If you do not know the value of a column that can be <code>NULL</code>, you can omit that column from <code><span class="codeinlineitalic">list_of_columns</span></code>. Its value defaults to <code>NULL</code>.</p>
<p>The <code>INSERT</code> statement in the following example inserts a row into the <code>EMPLOYEES</code> table for an employee for which all column values are known except <code>SALARY</code>. For now, <code>SALARY</code> can have the value <code>NULL</code>. When you know the salary, you can change it with the <code>UPDATE</code> statement (see <a href="tdddg_dml003.htm#BABJDEBJ">About the UPDATE Statement</a>).</p>
<div class="example"><a id="CHDJCDJC" name="CHDJCDJC"></a><a id="TDDDG177" name="TDDDG177"></a>
<p class="titleinexample">Using the INSERT Statement When Not All Information Is Available</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEES (
  EMPLOYEE_ID,
  FIRST_NAME,
  LAST_NAME,
  EMAIL,
  PHONE_NUMBER,
  HIRE_DATE,
  JOB_ID,          <span class="bold">-- Omit SALARY; its value defaults to NULL.</span>
  COMMISSION_PCT,
  MANAGER_ID,
  DEPARTMENT_ID
)
VALUES (
  20,              -- EMPLOYEE_ID
  'John',          -- FIRST_NAME
  'Keats',         -- LAST_NAME
  'JKEATS',        -- EMAIL
  '650.506.3333',  -- PHONE_NUMBER
  '01-JAN-07',     -- HIRE_DATE
  'SA_REP',        -- JOB_ID
  .1,              -- COMMISSION_PCT
  148,             -- MANAGER_ID
  80               -- DEPARTMENT_ID
);
</pre>
<p>Result:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
1 row created.
</pre></div>

<p>The <code>INSERT</code> statement in the following example tries to insert a row into the <code>EMPLOYEES</code> table for an employee for which <code>LAST_NAME</code> is not known.</p>
<div class="example"><a id="CHDCJECE" name="CHDCJECE"></a><a id="TDDDG178" name="TDDDG178"></a>
<p class="titleinexample">Using the INSERT Statement Incorrectly</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEES (
  EMPLOYEE_ID,
  FIRST_NAME,      <span class="bold">-- Omit LAST_NAME (error)</span>
  EMAIL,
  PHONE_NUMBER,
  HIRE_DATE,
  JOB_ID,
  COMMISSION_PCT,
  MANAGER_ID,
  DEPARTMENT_ID
)
VALUES (
  20,              -- EMPLOYEE_ID
  'John',          -- FIRST_NAME
  'JOHN',          -- EMAIL
  '650.506.3333',  -- PHONE_NUMBER
  '01-JAN-07',     -- HIRE_DATE
  'SA_REP',        -- JOB_ID
  .1,              -- COMMISSION_PCT
  148,             -- MANAGER_ID
  80               -- DEPARTMENT_ID
);
</pre>
<p>Result:</p>
<pre xml:space="preserve" class="oac_no_warn">
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("HR"."EMPLOYEES"."LAST_NAME")
</pre></div>

<div class="helpinfonotealso">
<h2>Related Topics</h2>
<p><a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=SQLRF01604','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database SQL Language Reference</span></a> for information about the <code>INSERT</code> statement</p>
<p><a href="javascript:open('http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/lookup?id=SQLRF0021','newWindow').focus()"><span class="italic">Oracle Database SQL Language Reference</span></a> for information about data types</p>
<p><a href="tdddg_objects010.htm#CIHHFGCB">Tutorial: Adding Constraints to Existing Tables</a></p>
<p><a href="tdddg_dml001.htm#BCGBGBIE">About Data Manipulation Language (DML) Statements</a></p>
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